河南光伏发电的主(zhu)要原理是半导(dao)体的光电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效应。光子照射到(dao)金(jin)(jin)属上时，它的能(neng)量(liang)可以被(bei)金(jin)(jin)属中(zhong)某个电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子全部吸收，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子吸收的能(neng)量(liang)足够大，能(neng)克服金(jin)(jin)属内部引(yin)力(li)做功，离开(kai)金(jin)(jin)属表面逃逸(yi)出来，成(cheng)(cheng)为光电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子。硅(gui)原子有4个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子，如果在纯硅(gui)中(zhong)掺(chan)入有5个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子的原子如磷(lin)原子，就成(cheng)(cheng)为N型半导(dao)体；若在纯硅(gui)中(zhong)掺(chan)入有3个外(wai)层(ceng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子的原子如硼(peng)原子，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)P型半导(dao)体。当P型和N型结合(he)在一起时，接触面就会形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)势差，成(cheng)(cheng)为太(tai)阳(yang)能(neng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。当太(tai)阳(yang)光照射到(dao)P－N结后，空(kong)穴由P极(ji)区(qu)(qu)往N极(ji)区(qu)(qu)移(yi)动，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子由N极(ji)区(qu)(qu)向(xiang)P极(ji)区(qu)(qu)移(yi)动，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。